Medullary Thyroid Cancer is a relatively uncommon thyroid malignancy that arises from the parafollicular C-cells, which produce calcitonin, rather than from the follicular cells that give rise to the more common differentiated thyroid cancers. Because it originates in C-cells, it characteristically secretes calciton…
Medullary Thyroid Cancer is a relatively uncommon thyroid malignancy that arises from the parafollicular C-cells, which produce calcitonin, rather than from the follicular cells that give rise to the more common differentiated thyroid cancers. Because it originates in C-cells, it characteristically secretes calcitonin, a biomarker useful for diagnosis, monitoring, and detection of recurrence, and it may occur sporadically or as part of hereditary syndromes associated with specific genetic mutations. Its distinct cell of origin means it does not concentrate radioactive iodine, so management differs from that of differentiated thyroid cancers, with surgery being the principal treatment and adequacy of preoperative evaluation influencing outcomes. The disease can be clinically silent early but may spread if untreated, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis and staging. Research addresses the quality and completeness of preoperative assessment, the influence of training and practice patterns on care, and the molecular landscape of the tumour, including activating mutations that have enabled targeted therapies; reports of durable responses to selective inhibitors in patients with particular variants illustrate the move toward genotype-directed treatment. By distinguishing medullary Thyroid Cancer from other thyroid malignancies through its biology, biomarkers, hereditary associations, and treatment, this field guides diagnosis, surgical and systemic management, and long-term surveillance of affected patients.
7 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 7 articles above have been cited 17 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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