Overview
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the neck that is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. The thyroid gland consists of two connected lobes that are shaped like a butterfly, with the lobes straddling the windpipe. Inside the thyroid are microscopic follicles that produce, store, and release hormones. These hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), help regulate heart rate, body temperature, and the body’s metabolism. A disruption in the balance of these hormones can cause a condition known as hypothyroidism, which can lead to fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, and other problems. Understanding the anatomy of the thyroid gland is important for recognizing, diagnosing, and treating diseases of the gland effectively.