The musculoskeletal system is the integrated network of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and joints that provides structural support, enables movement, and protects internal organs. Bones form the rigid framework and serve as levers and mineral reservoirs, skeletal muscles generate the forces that prod…
The musculoskeletal system is the integrated network of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and joints that provides structural support, enables movement, and protects internal organs. Bones form the rigid framework and serve as levers and mineral reservoirs, skeletal muscles generate the forces that produce motion, and tendons and ligaments transmit those forces and stabilize joints, while cartilage cushions articulating surfaces. Together these tissues coordinate posture, locomotion, and load-bearing during activities such as walking, lifting, and running. The system is subject to a wide range of disorders, prominently musculoskeletal pain affecting the neck, shoulder, and lower back, as well as degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis that impair joint function and mobility. Its health is shaped by mechanical loading, physical activity, age, and systemic factors including nutrition and immune function, with frailty and dietary status influencing tissue integrity and resilience. Bone repair and reconstruction draw on biomaterials such as calcium orthophosphate scaffolds to support healing of defects. Because musculoskeletal disorders are a major source of pain and disability, their prevention and management are central to maintaining independence and quality of life. Assessment combines clinical examination, imaging, and functional testing, and intervention spans exercise, rehabilitation, nutrition, and surgery. Studying the musculoskeletal system integrates anatomy, biomechanics, and clinical science to understand normal function and the conditions that compromise movement and structural support.
7 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 7 articles above have been cited 82 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Musculoskeletal System, linking to each citing work.