Plant growth regulators are naturally occurring or synthetic chemical compounds that, applied in small quantities, modulate physiological and developmental processes in plants by acting on specific target sites within their metabolism. They include the major classes of phytohormones, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins…
Plant growth regulators are naturally occurring or synthetic chemical compounds that, applied in small quantities, modulate physiological and developmental processes in plants by acting on specific target sites within their metabolism. They include the major classes of phytohormones, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene, along with synthetic analogues and growth retardants, and they promote or inhibit processes such as cell division and elongation, germination, rooting, flowering, fruit set, senescence, and stress responses. By influencing these pathways, plant growth regulators are widely used to improve the quality, quantity, and uniformity of agricultural and horticultural crops, to manage plant size and architecture, and to enhance the growth of ornamental species. In cell and tissue culture they are essential for directing differentiation and for stimulating the production of valuable secondary metabolites, for example enhancing alkaloid yields in cultured cells through combinations with nutrients and sugars. Growth retardants such as mepiquat chloride are applied to regulate vegetative growth and improve productivity in densely planted crops, while regulators can also alleviate stress, including mitigation of metal toxicity by strengthening antioxidant defences. By providing precise control over development and metabolism, plant growth regulators are a central tool in Plant Cell Development, crop production, propagation, and the biotechnological exploitation of plant systems.
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