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Sep 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-16-1227
Martina .C EzeamaCorresponding author
Department of Nursing science, Imo state university, P.M.B 2000 Imo State , Nigeria.
Introduction: Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) constitute public health challenge in Nigeria and adolescents are increasingly becoming vulnerable. It is necessary to provide adolescents in schools with risk-reduction educational interventions so as to expose them on the need to protect themselves from getting infected. This study used risk-reduction interventions (Class-room Instruction and Drama) to encourage risk-reduction practices among in-school adolescents. Materials and Method: Quasi-experimental design using 165 students randomly selected from three convenient co-educational secondary schools in the rural areas was adopted. Two experimental groups, class room instruction (CI) and drama (DR) were used. Baseline data using semi-structured questionnaire with 27- point risk reduction practices were collected. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA at p =0.05. Result: Scores for HIV risk reduction practices among the adolescents at baseline, classroom instruction (CI), drama (DR) and control respectively were 18.5±4.6, 19.8 ± 5.8 and 17.0 ± 4.8 . The mid-term scores obtained were 23.8 ± 3.4, 23.6 ± 3.4 and 17.7 ± 5.1. The scores obtained for CI, DR and control groups at follow-up were 24.9 ± 2.6, 26.7 ± 1.1 and 17.0 ± 5.3 respectively. The results showed more effective risk reduction practices among the intervention groups than control group. Conclusion Drama intervention yielded more positive outcomes in risk-reduction practices than others. Drama is therefore recommended as the best HIV and AIDS intervention programme for in- school adolescents.
Nov 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2997-1969.ijhs-23-4628
S. Oluwafemi OyamakinCorresponding author
Gene alterations that are essentially present in every cell in the body cause many hereditary diseases. As a result, these ailments frequently impact many bodily systems, and the majority of them are incurable. To treat or manage some of the accompanying symptoms, there might be methods available. When monitored up to the age of 25, it is estimated that 5.3% of babies will experience a genetic disease. In order to build a modified intervention program for people with genetic disorders, this paper reviewed existing programs and interventions for people with genetic disorders. It did this by using information about sickle cell disease. Data was gathered at the sickle cell clinic at the State Hospital, Adeoyo, Ibadan, Oyo state, where all sickle cell patients receive care. 53.3% of the survey participants were male (n=81), whereas 46.7% of the participants were female (n=71). In terms of age, 59.2% (n=90) of the respondents are under 20 years old, 27.6% (n=42) are between 21 and 26 years old, 9.9% (n=15) are between 26 and 30 years old, 1.3% (n=2) are between 31 and 35 years old, and 0.7% (n=1) of the respondents are each in the age brackets of 36 to 40, 41 to 45, and over 45. This demonstrates that the age range between 0 and 30 years old has the highest percentage of respondents, whereas people older than 30 are infrequently found. The respondents' marital status was also taken into account; 91.4% (n=139) of them are single, 7.2% (n=11) are married, and 1.3% (n=2) are separated.
Aug 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3495
Marks RayCorresponding author
Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, NY 10027, United States
Hip fractures, which remain highly prevalent among the elderly and produce enormous social and economic costs, have not truly abated in prevalence despite years of research that outlines a multitude of preventable risk factors and intervention programs. This review aimed to examine if sleep disturbances have a bearing on the risk of incurring a hip fracture directly or indirectly, among older adults. The specific aim was to explore and summarize what we know, and how this might inform future research and practice. To this end, PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar data bases were searched to uncover available data representing the topic of sleep in relation to hip fractures among the elderly. Articles of note were scrutinized and summarized in narrative form. Results showed very few studies on the topic prevail, even with no restriction on years examined, and of these, discordant, rather than any solid uniform conclusions prevail. It is concluded there is a need to explore this topic carefully, including both the direct, as well as the indirect impact of sleep that may place an older adult at heightened risk for a fall and hip fracture injury as well as subsequent fractures.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-19-2610
Seyoum Tegegne AwokeCorresponding author
Dept. of statistics, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Background The relationship between predictors and the variable of interest was estimated using a structural equation model which is used to predict latent variables. The main advantage of the SEM is the ability to estimate the direct and indirect pathways of the effect of the primary independent variable on the outcome, given sufficient sample sizes. Despite not directly modeling the mediated pathways, GLMMs excluding mediating variables performed well with respect to power, bias and coverage probability in modeling the total effect of the primary independent variables on the outcome. In longitudinal studies, data are collected from subjects at several time points. The main purpose of longitudinal analysis is to detecting the trends or trajectories of the variables of interest. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted on 792 adults living with HIV/AIDS who commenced HAART. Structural equation modeling was used to construct a model to detecting predictors of CD4 cell count change. The procedure was illustrated by applying it to longitudinal health-related quality-of-life data on HIV/AIDS patients, collected from September 2008 to August 2012 monthly for the first six months and quarterly for remaining study period. Results The result of current investigation indicates that CD4 cell count change was highly influenced by certain socio-demographic and clinical variables. Out of all the participants, 141 (82%) have been considered 100% adherent to antiretroviral therapy. Structural equation modeling has confirmed the direct effect that personality (decision-making and tolerance of frustration) has on motives to behave, or act accordingly, which was in turn directly related to medication adherence behaviors. In addition, these behaviors have had a direct and significant effect on viral load, as well as an indirect effect on CD4 cell count. The final model demonstrates the congruence between theory and data (x2/df. = 1.480, goodness of fit index = 0.97, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05), accounting for 55.7% of the variance. Conclusions The results of this study support our theoretical model as a conceptual framework for the prediction of medication adherence behaviors in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Implications for designing, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs based on the model are to be discussed.
May 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-18-2059
Jnr. John Elvis HaganCorresponding author
Neurocognition and Action - Biomechanics"- Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
Extant epidemiological and social diagnosis information shows an alarming upsurge in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over the last decade in developing countries including Ghana. Despite literature on the dangers and associated risk factors of these two health related constructs is well-written and documented, there seems to be a distinct knowledge gap on cultural influences that may trigger the onset of overweight and obesity, and related comorbidities. This review paper provides a general overview on overweight and obesity, and presents a supportive evidence of their rising prevalence as well as associated overall implications on public health in Ghana. Additionally, the paper explores how indigenous cultural perceptions, beliefs and norms impact on dietary and physical activity behaviours of the people. Based on available evidence, the complementary role of behaviour modification towards the management of overweight and obesity is suggested. The PEN-3 model as an appropriate cultural framework is proposed for future empirical investigations. This would afford programme planners to assess how to design culturally underpinned appropriate intervention programmes that would positively influence long term behavioural practices of the local people.
Aug 2017
Toren OrlyCorresponding author
Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus
Aim: To assess the extent and directions of internal hospital turnover of registered nurses and to examine the associated factors and stressors. Background: Internal turnover of hospital nurses is mainly horizontal. Occurring on a large scale, it could lead to dropout of skilled personnel, burdening hospitals both financially and in terms of human resources, affecting the quality of care. Methods: A secondary analysis based on data from the national study on "Patterns and trends of the nursing workforce in Israel". A structured telephone interview was conducted of 2,098 hospital nurses (October 2008-February 2009). Results: The rate of internal turnover between hospital departments was 29.7%. The main departments from which nurses moved were medical and surgical. The main departments from which nurses moved were oncology departments, Intensive Care Units, nursing administration. The major work-related stressor concerned salary (59%), two predictors of internal turnover were nurses with children under the age of 18 and academic degree nurses. Conclusions and Implications for Health Policy: Internal turnover rate in Israeli hospitals is moderate, with high rates in medical and surgical departments. It is vital to identify the main factors associated with high turnover rates and implement focused managerial retention strategies and other intervention programs.
Jul 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-16-1413
Harada TetsuoCorresponding author
Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University
Purpose: An intervention program was performed to improve meal habit, sleep habit and academic marks at school. This program was called “Super Meal Educational Program” which was supported by Japanese Ministry of Arts, Sports, Sciences and Education. Effects of the intervention were evaluated by comparing an integrated questionnaire study held both before and after the intervention of a half year. Method: The intervention program consisted of a lecture on sleep health and diurnal rhythms on children by an university professor, a series of lectures and practical classes by elementary school teachers on foods which can be collected nearby, and also practical courses as excursions to learn traditional meals and several foods resources which are products nearby. Integrated questionnaire study and also government official academic achievement test were performed before and after the intervention for 6 months in May to November, 2015. An integrated questionnaire was administrated to elementary school students of grades 1 to 6 (7-12 years old). For the younger students aged 6-9 years old, parents (mostly mothers) answered the questionnaire instead of their children. The participants consisted of 40 to 55 students in each grade from the first to the six one of the elementary school. The rate of answer to the questionnaire was more than 95% and the number of data used for statistic analysis was 295 before and 286 after the intervention. The integrated questionnaire included questions on the diurnal type scale (DTS), sleep habits, meal habits, and other questions on their environments and life-habits. Result: In the histogram on distribution of the diurnal type scale scores (DTS) before intervention, the students which occupied 25% evening-typed significantly shifted to more morning-typed ones after the intervention (p<0.001). There was significantly negative correlation between DTS scores before intervention and the amount of increased change in DTS during the intervention period (r=-390, r<0.001). For all students in the elementary school, there were no significant changes in sleep quality, bedtime in weekdays, wake up time and sleep hours before and after the intervention period. There was negative correlation between sleep hours in weekday before intervention and increased amount in sleep hours before and after that (r=-0.545, p<0.001). The longer the sleep hours were shifted longer during intervention, the better the academic achievement mark of mathematics was after the intervention (students in the second, third and fifth grades: p=0.001). Conclusion: At least for the students who had been originally evening-typed, the intervention on meal habits may be effective for longer sleep hours and improved school achievement and marking for especially mathematics in elementary schools.