Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the skin, arising from the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and its appendages. It is driven largely by cumulative ultraviolet radiation, which produces mutations in the hedgehog signalling pathway, notably in the PTCH1 and SMO genes, leading to slow, locally…
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the skin, arising from the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and its appendages. It is driven largely by cumulative ultraviolet radiation, which produces mutations in the hedgehog signalling pathway, notably in the PTCH1 and SMO genes, leading to slow, locally invasive growth. Tumours typically appear on sun-exposed sites such as the face and present as pearly papules, nodules, or non-healing ulcerated lesions; although they rarely metastasize, they can cause substantial local tissue destruction if untreated. Several clinicopathological subtypes are recognized, including nodular, superficial, and infiltrative forms, each influencing the choice of therapy. Management ranges from surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery to destructive and topical modalities, with reconstruction required for defects in cosmetically and functionally sensitive areas. Research in this area reports the combination of fractionated erbium:YAG laser skin microporation with topical imiquimod as a strategy for treating actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma, and describes reconstructive techniques such as the bilobed flap for nasal defects following tumour removal. Related studies of cutaneous adnexal Neoplasms, including eccrine porocarcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, situate basal cell carcinoma within the broader spectrum of skin tumours, linking its diagnosis to histopathology, surgical treatment, and reconstruction.
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The 9 articles above have been cited 23 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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