Sexually transmitted infections and stigma describes the interaction between infections acquired through sexual contact and the social devaluation, shame, and discrimination directed at those affected by them. Stigma operates at multiple levels: internalized stigma, in which individuals experience guilt or diminishe…
Sexually transmitted infections and stigma describes the interaction between infections acquired through sexual contact and the social devaluation, shame, and discrimination directed at those affected by them. Stigma operates at multiple levels: internalized stigma, in which individuals experience guilt or diminished self-worth; interpersonal stigma, expressed as judgment or rejection by partners, families, and providers; and structural stigma embedded in policies and institutions. Because infections such as HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes are linked to sexual behavior, they are frequently moralized, and this stigmatization has concrete public-health consequences. Fear of disclosure and negative social reactions can deter individuals from seeking testing, accessing treatment, disclosing status to partners, or negotiating safer sex, thereby facilitating continued transmission and delaying care. Stigma also intersects with gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status, compounding disadvantage for already marginalized groups and shaping disparities in screening, diagnosis, and outcomes. Research in this area examines knowledge, attitudes, and practices within communities, the drivers and measurement of stigma, and its effects on health-seeking behavior. Interventions seek to reduce stigma through education, normalization of testing, confidential and nonjudgmental services, and supportive policy environments. Addressing stigma is therefore considered integral to effective prevention and control, as the social context surrounding sexually transmitted infections strongly influences whether biomedical tools are accessed and used.
6 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.