Adverse effects are unintended, harmful consequences arising from exposure to chemical, physical, or biological agents, encompassing toxic responses in humans, wildlife, and ecosystems as well as unwanted reactions to therapeutic interventions. Their characterization depends on understanding dose-response relationsh…
Adverse effects are unintended, harmful consequences arising from exposure to chemical, physical, or biological agents, encompassing toxic responses in humans, wildlife, and ecosystems as well as unwanted reactions to therapeutic interventions. Their characterization depends on understanding dose-response relationships, exposure duration and route, and the vulnerability of particular organisms or populations, and it forms the basis of toxicology, environmental health, and risk assessment. The studies collected here concentrate on environmental and toxicological harm: minimal risk level derivation for cadmium across acute and intermediate exposures, ecotoxicological assessment of leachate from municipal solid-waste dumpsites, characterization of commercial waste streams, and health risks from hydrogen sulphide and particulate matter around dumpsites and dusty environments. Ecological adverse effects appear in work on underwater sound affecting fishes and invertebrates and on factors adversely affecting Atlantic salmon populations. Clinical and pharmacological harm is represented by the toxicity of iodinated radiographic contrast agents, the safety profile of antihypertensive combination therapy, and reviews of immunoglobulin-based safe therapeutic development and broader drug-safety issues, while maternal-fetal risk is addressed through hemoglobin thresholds in pregnancy. Methods span toxicological bioassays, environmental sampling and risk assessment, clinical observation, and ecological evaluation. This topic assembles peer-reviewed research on the identification, mechanisms, and assessment of adverse effects across toxicology, environmental science, and medicine.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 58 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Adverse Effects, linking to each citing work.