Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that is the principal regulator of glucose homeostasis. It promotes glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, stimulates hepatic and muscle glycogen synthesis, and suppresses gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, thereby lowering …
Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that is the principal regulator of glucose homeostasis. It promotes glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, stimulates hepatic and muscle glycogen synthesis, and suppresses gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, thereby lowering blood glucose. Its action is mediated through the insulin receptor and downstream signaling cascades, and impairment of secretion or peripheral responsiveness underlies type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance, the diminished effect of insulin at target tissues, links obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiometabolic disease. The peer-reviewed research collected here reflects these themes through studies distinguishing insulin-sensitive from insulin-resistant obese postmenopausal women using surrogate indices, the stability of insulin in cell-culture media, and the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity by glucose and insulin. Clinical and nutritional contributions examine cinnamon supplementation and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome, residual beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes, noninvasive glucose monitoring, and dietary and phytochemical interventions, including bitter melon, for type 2 diabetes. Additional work addresses insulin receptor substrate expression in breast cancer and metabolomic profiling of diabetes. Methodologically, the literature spans clinical trials, biochemical assays, bioinformatics, and device development, illustrating how insulin biology connects pancreatic function, metabolic regulation, and the prevention and management of diabetes and related disorders.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 19 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Insulin, linking to each citing work.