Overview
Growth hormone, also called somatotropin, is a single-chain peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Its release is pulsatile and controlled by the opposing hypothalamic signals growth-hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin, with additional input from ghrelin, sleep, exercise, nutritional state, and feedback from insulin-like growth factor 1. Many of its anabolic effects are mediated indirectly through insulin-like growth factor 1, produced mainly in the liver, while growth hormone also acts directly on target tissues. It promotes longitudinal bone growth at the epiphyseal plates, increases lean body and muscle mass, stimulates protein synthesis, and exerts metabolic actions that favor lipolysis and oppose insulin in glucose handling. Secretion is regulated within the broader hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and disorders arise from both deficiency, which impairs growth and body composition, and excess, which produces gigantism or acromegaly; dysregulation can also occur within multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. Clinically, recombinant growth hormone is used to treat defined deficiency states. Its physiology connects to pituitary structure and function, models of longevity and dwarfism in which growth-hormone signaling is altered, and the wider study of endocrine regulation of metabolism, glucose, and lipid balance.
Research published in this journal
11 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
Histomorphomertric Analysis Of Hormonal Contraceptive Pills On Anterior Pituitary Gland In Female Wister Rats
The Genetic Multiplicity- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type I
Robust Sampling of Defective Pathways in Parkinson Disease
The Impact of Nutrients on Diabetes
Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Oxidative Stress and Thyroid Functions.
How to Objectively Measure The Quality of Sleep
A New Gene Mutation of PRKAR1A was found in a Carney Complex Case
Effect of Drought and Salt Stress on Cereal Crop Plants and their Proteomic and Physiological Studies
Experimental Zoology. Advancements, Problems and Future Prospects
Marginal SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Increases Interferon and Balances Cytokine Gene Expression
How this research is being cited
The 11 articles above have been cited 17 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
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2024 · German Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials
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2024 · Lecture notes in networks and systems
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2023 · Gesunde Pflanzen
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2023 · Gesunde Pflanzen
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Satadal Das et al. · 2023 · International Journal of Applied Biology
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2022 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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A. Hossain et al. · 2022 · Plant Perspectives to Global Climate Changes
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2022 · Plant Genetic Researches
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Growth Hormone, linking to each citing work.